{"id":4400,"date":"2023-02-05T06:39:22","date_gmt":"2023-02-05T06:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/?page_id=4400"},"modified":"2025-01-05T06:47:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T06:47:59","slug":"s-24-c-lichens","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-24-c-lichens\/","title":{"rendered":"S-24.c Lichens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#00056d;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Lichens<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-huge-font-size\" style=\"color:#74008b\">key notes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-4baf251ab6f683cef6eda5d8812d9c3f\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Introduction to Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lichens<\/strong> are a unique group of organisms formed by a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are <strong>not single organisms<\/strong> but a combination of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner (algae or cyanobacteria).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lichens are found in a variety of habitats, from deserts to rainforests, and are known for their ability to survive in harsh environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-6c9525cbce95624278492a1b2da48940\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Structure of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fungal Component<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The fungus forms the outer protective layer of the lichen, which gives it its shape and structure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The fungal partner provides the lichen with its protection and structure, helping it retain moisture and nutrients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Photosynthetic Component<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The algae or cyanobacteria are responsible for photosynthesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These photosynthetic partners produce food (sugars) through photosynthesis, which sustains both the algae\/cyanobacteria and the fungal component.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c735f0521517a6b940e4e416f8c34d12\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Types of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Crustose Lichens<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These lichens form a crust-like structure that is tightly attached to surfaces such as rocks or tree bark.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: <strong>Graphis<\/strong> (often found on tree bark).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foliose Lichens<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These lichens have leaf-like structures and are more loosely attached to the surface. They are easier to peel off compared to crustose lichens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: <strong>Lobaria<\/strong> (found on tree trunks and rocks).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fruticose Lichens<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>These lichens have a bushy, shrubby appearance and are usually three-dimensional.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: <strong>Usnea<\/strong> (also called old man&#8217;s beard, typically found hanging from tree branches).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-9f17400931f9e05c19a9f90c5e11bdc5\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Characteristics of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Symbiosis<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The relationship between the fungal and photosynthetic partners is mutualistic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The fungus provides the structure and protection, while the algae or cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis and provide food.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Resilience<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens are highly resilient and can survive in extreme environments such as deserts, high-altitude regions, and the Arctic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They can survive long periods of dryness and extreme temperature changes by going into a dormant state when water is scarce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sensitivity to Pollution<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, particularly <strong>sulfur dioxide<\/strong>. They are often used as <strong>bioindicators<\/strong> to monitor air quality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A decrease in lichen populations indicates poor air quality or pollution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-068194929ca5fec51b15251b4b348560\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Ecological Importance of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Soil Formation<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens contribute to soil formation by breaking down rocks through the secretion of acids, which eventually leads to the formation of soil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They help in the process of <strong>weathering<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Food Source<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens provide a food source for some animals, such as reindeer and caribou, particularly in cold environments where other food sources are scarce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Habitat for Microorganisms<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens provide a habitat for various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nitrogen Fixation<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Some lichens contain cyanobacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen, which enriches the soil and supports plant growth in nutrient-poor environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-background\" style=\"background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Reproduction of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Asexual Reproduction<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens reproduce primarily through the production of <strong>soredia<\/strong> (small clusters of algal cells surrounded by fungal hyphae) or <strong>isidia<\/strong> (outgrowths of the thallus).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These structures disperse to new areas and form new lichens when conditions are favorable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sexual Reproduction<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The fungal partner in the lichen can reproduce sexually by producing <strong>ascospores<\/strong> (spores produced in sac-like structures called asci) in fruiting bodies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-d4f10e8afd78ba3b2cd7c915eae1808e\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Uses of Lichens<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Indicators of Environmental Health<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens are used to assess air quality and pollution levels due to their sensitivity to pollutants, particularly sulfur dioxide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Traditional Medicine<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Some lichens have been used in traditional medicine for their antiseptic properties and are believed to treat wounds, ulcers, and respiratory issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: <strong>Usnea<\/strong> (old man\u2019s beard) has been used in herbal medicine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dyes and Pigments<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens have been used to produce natural dyes in textiles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Litmus<\/strong>, a substance used in pH testing, is derived from certain lichens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ecological Importance<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens contribute to the biodiversity and stability of ecosystems, especially in nutrient-poor habitats, by acting as primary colonizers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-7ebb53f0568ff6cc3666636239b8dbd6\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lichens are fascinating organisms formed through a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic partners.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They play vital roles in ecosystems, including soil formation, providing food for animals, and acting as bioindicators of pollution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their ability to thrive in harsh environments makes them important organisms in ecological studies, and their various uses in medicine and industry make them valuable to humans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-large-font-size\" style=\"color:#d90000\"><strong>Let&#8217;s practice!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/82787\/230\/921\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-53.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6302\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-53.png 500w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-53-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-3-53-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/81570\/684\/676\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-53.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-53.png 500w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-53-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-2-53-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lichens key notes : Introduction to Lichens Structure of Lichens Types of Lichens Characteristics of Lichens Ecological Importance of Lichens Reproduction of Lichens Uses of Lichens Conclusion Let&#8217;s practice!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4400","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4400"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16316,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4400\/revisions\/16316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}