{"id":3653,"date":"2023-01-09T10:10:45","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T10:10:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/?page_id=3653"},"modified":"2025-01-06T17:17:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T17:17:26","slug":"s-4-b-structure-of-an-atom","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/s-4-b-structure-of-an-atom\/","title":{"rendered":"S-4.b Structure Of An Atom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#00056d;text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Structure Of An Atom<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-28d136ae4331e7eb05ec8e1cb71ebcde\" style=\"color:#74008b\">key notes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-4ef203576e40a009916f179b937ea51f\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Introduction to the Atom<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"547\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15839\" style=\"width:375px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-4.png 760w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-4-300x216.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-62042a6421f7830c896211f0fa8b2d6c\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Subatomic Particles<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"686\" height=\"386\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15841\" style=\"width:439px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5.png 686w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-5-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Protons<\/strong>: Positively charged particles located in the nucleus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neutrons<\/strong>: Neutral particles (no charge) also found in the nucleus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electrons<\/strong>: Negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus in orbitals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-becb3359415a077d97b3aff179bff76d\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Atomic Structure<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15842\" style=\"width:385px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6.png 700w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-6-300x214.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>The nucleus, located at the center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels or shells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atoms are mostly empty space, with the nucleus occupying only a tiny part of the atom&#8217;s volume.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-5b4988c482ccdbf0e56b327bcd379151\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Atomic Number (Z)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Represents the number of protons in the nucleus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determines the identity of an element (e.g., hydrogen has an atomic number of 1).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-c3d9e0765fb354bc5e6877ecfa3a7b32\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Mass Number (A)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom&#8217;s nucleus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mass Number = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-6169cbbdeea143de66f3007da6c47bea\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Isotopes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7-1024x499.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15843\" style=\"width:435px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7-1024x499.png 1024w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7-768x374.png 768w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-7.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers (due to varying numbers of neutrons).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example: Carbon has isotopes like Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and Carbon-14.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-dd771ae319e82644cdc8ef7654227978\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Atomic Models<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thomson\u2019s Model<\/strong>: Described the atom as a sphere of positive charge with embedded electrons (like a &#8220;plum pudding&#8221;).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rutherford\u2019s Model<\/strong>: Proposed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bohr\u2019s Model<\/strong>: Suggested that electrons move in fixed orbits (shells) around the nucleus and can jump between energy levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-1a6ac3a1dac267c8c99d02b261f5d075\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Electron Configuration<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus according to their energy levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula 2n22n^22n2, where nnn is the shell number (e.g., 1st shell can hold 2 electrons, 2nd shell can hold 8 electrons, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-e069c8843754314304166b813f5cdb45\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Valence Electrons<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determine the chemical reactivity and bonding behavior of an element.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-d599aa1826b864aec327016c961caa9e\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Octet Rule<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"358\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15844\" style=\"width:400px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8.png 800w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-8-768x344.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-large-font-size\">Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a stable configuration with 8 electrons in their outermost shell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-41ea66e1015a41f3cc437bf106135111\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Ions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-1024x619.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15845\" style=\"width:372px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/image-9.png 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>Atoms that have gained or lost electrons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cations<\/strong>: Positively charged ions (loss of electrons).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anions<\/strong>: Negatively charged ions (gain of electrons).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-d96e9674c6bb9abc40681dd741b8e4cc\" style=\"color:#000060;background-color:#dfc816\"><strong>Atomic Theory Development<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-list\">\n<li>The understanding of the atomic structure evolved over time with contributions from scientists like Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-large-font-size\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-large-font-size\" style=\"color:#d90000\">Let&#8217;s practice!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/76016\/298\/250\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-2-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6385\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-2-16.png 500w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-2-16-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-2-16-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wordwall.net\/play\/76020\/868\/992\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-1-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-1-17.png 500w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-1-17-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Worksheet-1-1-1-17-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Structure Of An Atom key notes : Introduction to the Atom: Subatomic Particles: Atomic Structure: Atomic Number (Z): Mass Number (A): Isotopes: Atomic Models: Electron Configuration: Valence Electrons: Octet Rule: Ions: Atomic Theory Development: Let&#8217;s practice!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3653","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3653"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16344,"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3653\/revisions\/16344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/9thclass.deltapublications.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}