Disease And Its Causes
Key Notes:
🦠 What is a Disease?
- A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body or mind, causing discomfort, dysfunction, or harm.
- It can affect organs, tissues, or the entire body.
✅ Symptoms: Signs of disease, like fever, cough, or fatigue.
✅ Types of diseases:
- Acute — Short-term (e.g., cold, flu).
- Chronic — Long-term or lifelong (e.g., diabetes, asthma).
🧠 Types of Diseases
1️⃣ Infectious Diseases — Caused by pathogens (germs).
- Bacteria (e.g., Tuberculosis)
- Viruses (e.g., COVID-19, flu)
- Fungi (e.g., Athlete’s foot)
- Protozoa (e.g., Malaria)
- Worms (e.g., Tapeworm)
2️⃣ Non-infectious Diseases — Not caused by pathogens, often related to lifestyle, genetics, or environment.
- Deficiency diseases (e.g., Scurvy from Vitamin C deficiency)
- Genetic disorders (e.g., Hemophilia)
- Lifestyle diseases (e.g., Diabetes, heart disease)
🕵️ Causes of Diseases
✅ Biological agents (pathogens) — Bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.
✅ Nutritional deficiency — Lack of essential nutrients (e.g., anemia from iron deficiency).
✅ Genetic factors — Inherited from parents (e.g., sickle cell anemia).
✅ Environmental factors — Pollution, radiation, unsafe water, etc.
✅ Unhealthy lifestyle — Poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, etc.
✅ Mental stress — Can lead to disorders like depression or anxiety.
💪 How Diseases Spread (Infectious Diseases)
🔹 Direct contact — Touching an infected person (e.g., flu, COVID-19).
🔹 Indirect contact — Through objects, air, water, food, or animals (e.g., cholera, malaria).
🔹 Vectors — Insects like mosquitoes (e.g., malaria, dengue).
🩺Prevention and Control of Diseases
✨ Personal hygiene — Wash hands, clean food, cover your mouth when sneezing.
✨ Vaccination — Protects against diseases like polio, measles, COVID-19.
✨ Healthy lifestyle — Eat nutritious food, exercise, avoid harmful habits.
✨ Sanitation — Clean environment, safe drinking water, proper waste disposal.
✨ Early diagnosis and treatment — Regular checkups, proper medication, and rest.
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