1. What is Energy?

• Energy is the ability to do work or cause a change in an object or system.
• It exists in various forms and can be neither created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another (Law of Conservation of Energy).

A. Forms of Energy:

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. It depends on an object’s mass and velocity.

• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to an object’s position or condition. Common types include gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.

1. Types of Energy:

• Mechanical Energy: The sum of an object’s kinetic and potential energy.
• Thermal (Heat) Energy: The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance. It is related to temperature.
• Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. Released during chemical reactions.
• Electrical Energy: Energy carried by moving electrons (electricity).
• Nuclear Energy: Released during nuclear reactions, such as fission and fusion.
• Sound Energy: Energy produced by vibrating objects that create sound waves.
• Light (Radiant) Energy: Energy carried by electromagnetic waves (photons).

2. Conversion of Energy:

• Energy can change from one form to another. For example, potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy when an object falls.

3. Law of Conservation of Energy:

• The total energy in a closed system remains constant. Energy may change forms but is not created or destroyed.

4. Energy Sources:

• Renewable Energy: Derived from sources that are naturally replenished, e.g., solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy.
• Non-Renewable Energy: Derived from finite sources like fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and nuclear fuel.

5. Energy Efficiency:

• Measures how well energy is converted from one form to another. High efficiency means less energy is wasted.

6. Environmental Impact:

• The choice of energy sources can have environmental consequences, including air and water pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and habitat destruction.

7. Energy Conservation:

• Reducing energy usage through efficient appliances, insulation, and responsible consumption habits.

8. Global Energy Challenges:

• Meeting the growing demand for energy while minimizing environmental impact is a global challenge.
• Transitioning to sustainable and renewable energy sources is a critical goal.

9. Energy Units:

• Energy is measured in units such as joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kWh).

10. Energy in Everyday Life:

• Energy is a fundamental part of our daily lives, used for heating, transportation, electricity, and much more.

Let’s practice!