Characteristics Of Particles Of Matter

Key Notes:

Matter is Made Up of Particles

• All matter is composed of tiny particles that are not visible to the naked eye.

Particles are Very Small

• The size of particles is extremely small and can only be observed under advanced equipment or indirectly through phenomena like diffusion.

Particles Have Spaces Between Them

• Particles are not tightly packed and have spaces between them.
• The amount of space varies in solids, liquids, and gases:
  • Solids: Minimal spaces.
  • Liquids: Moderate spaces.
  • Gases: Maximum spaces.

Particles are in Constant Motion

• Particles of matter are always moving, showcasing kinetic energy.
• The motion increases with temperature:
  • Higher temperatures → More energy → Faster motion.

Particles Attract Each Other

• Particles have forces of attraction between them.
• Strength of attraction varies:
  • Solids: Strongest attraction.
  • Liquids: Moderate attraction.
  • Gases: Weakest attraction.

Diffusion and Mixing

• The motion and spaces between particles allow for diffusion (mixing of particles).
• Example: Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide mix easily in the atmosphere.

Compression and Expansion

• Gases can be compressed significantly due to large spaces between particles, while solids and liquids are less compressible.

Impact of Temperature on Particles

• Temperature affects particle movement:
  • Increase in temperature → Increased speed and energy.
  • Decrease in temperature → Reduced motion.

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