Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, interrupters and antithetical phrases

Key Notes:

Commas with Direct Addresses

👉 A direct address means you are talking directly to someone.
🟡 Use a comma to separate the name (or title) of the person being spoken to.

🧠 Examples:

• ✨ Ravi, please pass the salt.
• ✨ Could you help me, Priya?
• ✨ I think, sir, you forgot your book.

💡 Tip: If the name comes in the middle, use two commas around it!

Commas with Introductory Words and Phrases

👉 When a word, phrase, or clause comes before the main part of the sentence, add a comma after it.

🧠 Examples:

• ✨ Yes, I would like some tea. ☕
• ✨ After the game, we went out for dinner. 🍽️
• ✨ In the morning, the birds sing beautifully. 🐦

💡 Tip: Introductory words often include: yes, no, well, however, therefore, meanwhile, etc.

Commas with Interjections

👉 An interjection is a word that shows strong feeling or emotion!
🟢 Use a comma after a mild interjection and an exclamation mark for a strong one.

🧠 Examples:

• ✨ Oh, I didn’t see you there.
• ✨ Well, that was unexpected.
• ✨ Wow, this cake is delicious! 🍰

💡 Tip: Common interjections: oh, well, hey, wow, yes, no, alas, oh dear, etc.

Commas with Interrupters

👉 An interrupter is a word or phrase that breaks the flow of a sentence.
🔹 Use commas before and after the interrupter.

🧠 Examples:

• ✨ The movie, I think, starts at 7 p.m. 🎬
• ✨ This cake, in my opinion, is too sweet. 🍰
• ✨ The teacher, of course, will check our homework. 📚

💡 Tip: Common interrupters include: I think, of course, by the way, I believe, in fact, however.

Commas with Antithetical Phrases

👉 An antithetical phrase shows contrast (opposite ideas) in a sentence.
🔸 Use commas to set off the phrase that presents the contrast.

🧠 Examples:

• ✨ This book is interesting, not boring. 📖
• ✨ He is rich, but humble. 💰🤝
• ✨ The movie was exciting, yet emotional. 🎥💔

💡 Tip: Look for contrast words: not, but, yet, unlike, instead of.

Summary Chart

💬 Type	🧩 Definition	✏️ Example Sentence
Direct Address	Talking directly to a person	Lila, please come here.
Introductory Word/Phrase	Begins the sentence	After lunch, we’ll study.
Interjection	Shows emotion	Wow, that’s amazing!
Interrupter	Breaks the flow	The car, I believe, is new.
Antithetical Phrase	Shows contrast	He is tall, not short.

Quick Reminder

✅ Use commas to make your writing clear, smooth, and natural.
✅ Too many commas can confuse readers — use them wisely! 😄